Anhui is a province where ethnic minorities live in a disperse and mixed manner，featuring a pattern of Large-scale Dispersion，Small-scale Concentration. On the basis of census，the general characteristics of ethnic minorities in Anhui can be summarized as follows：full representation of all ethnicities，relatively small in number but on the increase，working age population as the majority，gender imbalance among some ethnic minorities，more people in marriages that are also relatively stable，males more likely to be educated，etc. Anhui has made significant achievements in the development of ethic minorities，with rapid growth for special ethnic economy，effective inheritance and exploitation of ethnic culture，and constant enhancement of ethnic communication，exchange and integration. In the future，Anhui may consider measures from the following perspectives concerning ethnic development：adopt multiple-level measures to promote the further economic development of ethnic minorities，and more effective inheritance and protection of ethnic culture；further improve service and management concerning migrant population of ethnic minorities；train leaders from ethnic minorities，and always govern according to laws，regulations and polices，in order to promote the establishment of multi-ethic embedded social structure in Anhui and the development of community environment，and to achieve unity，harmony and common development of all ethnicities.