The Brazil - Peru Twin Ocean Railroad is one of the important cooperation projects between China and Latin American countries. This project will promote the economic integration in South America，improve the imbalance of economic development between the inland and coastal areas along the coastline，improve the logistics conditions，reduce transportation costs，and promote trade and economic growth. However，due to technical，economic，political，environmental problems，this railroad is still under the study. After the impeachment of the Brazilian president，the new government came to power，the domestic attitudes and the views changed. By analyzing the changes will help China avoid risks in the future investment in railway construction.