Drinking water safety in China faces two challenges. On one hand，the government has invested billions to secure drinking water safety，yet from cities to counties，primary obstacles remain to be tackled before realizing equal public service on water supply. On the other hand，concerns and distrust on water quality have driven those who have enjoyed tap water service away. On the contrast，more and more consumers choose to drink bottled water as alternative to tap water and as a result，domestic market of bottled water which is worth of hundreds of billions per year is on the rise. The water and energy intensive nature of bottled water industry as well as the disposable consumption model have challenged multiple national policies on water，energy and solid waste management. And it may further challenge the comprehensive target set by the central government of securing drinking water safety.