Brazil，one of the BRICS countries，has been bleak in economy in recent years. Faced with high fiscal deficits，continued economic recession and rising unemployment，the government has launched a number of economic measures and adjustment of social policies to boost the Brazilian economy and reduce public debt，including the adoption of constitutional amendment PEC 241，which limits the growth of public spending of the next 20 years；the government’s long-awaited and planned pension reform to be presented to Congress as well as reforms of Program of Family Grants，National Education Program，Project of Science Without Borders，My Life My Home and other social policy adjustments. With the adjustment of social policies in the context of economic downturn，the Brazilian authorities need to take into account the problems of uneven distribution of social resources，the further aggravation of the polarization between the rich and the poor，the uneven inter-regional development，the low efficiency and poor quality of management in public sectors and etc. and establish a new public service model，with less investment to achieve maximum return，in order to maintain the sustainability of social policies.