The aim of this study is to explore the influencing factors of geriatric depression，as well as protective and predictive factors. With random sampling method，830 subjects aged 60 years and above were chosen in Sichuan Province. The questionnaires included Geriatric Depression Scale Short-form（GDS-15），General Alienation Scale（GAS），General Self-Efficacy Scale（GSES），Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale（CD-RISC），Behavioral Inhibition/Activation System Scale（BIS/BAS Scale），Social Support Rate Scale（SSRS）and general condition scale designed by ourselves. Subjects answered the questionnaires according to their own situation while the trained staff reading items for them one by one. It was found that the depression score were significant difference on different Social and demographic factors，such as various living community type，marital status，educated levels，economic status，self-perceived physical health status，physical exercise，family relationship，chronic disease and stress events over the past year. Factors such as age，gender，religious faith and house conditions have no significant effects on depression. Depression was significantly correlated with alienation，self-efficiency，behavioral inhibition systems，behavioral activation systems，resilience and its three sub-factors，and social support. A stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that self-perceived physical health status，physical exercise，economic status，alienation，self-efficiency，behavioral inhibition systems could significantly predict depression and 35.8% variation was explained. Geriatric depression were influenced by three factors：society environment factor，psychological factor and physiological factor. The important predict factors of depression include physiological factors，such as self-perceived physical health status，physical exercise，psychological factors，such as alienation，self-efficiency，behavioral inhibition systems，and social factors，such as economic status.