China’s new Charity Law represents the culmination of over a decade of planning for the appropriate development of the productive forces of the charity sector in aid of socialist modernization. Together with the related Foreign NGO Management Law，it represents an important advance in the organization of the civil society sector within emerging structures of Socialist Rule of Law principles. While both Charity and Foreign NGO Management Laws could profitably be considered as parts of a whole，each merits discussion for its own unique contribution to national development. This essay considers the role of the Charity Law in advancing Socialist Modernization through the realization of the Chinese Communist Party（CCP）Basic Line. The essay is organized as follows：Section II considers the specific provisions of the Charity Law，with some references to changes between the first draft and the final version of the Charity Law. Section III then considers some of the more theoretical considerations that suggest a framework for understanding the great contribution of the Charity Law as well as the challenges that remain for the development of the productive forces of the civil society sector at this historical stage of China’s development.