Regional innovation ability has become one of the most important determinants of competitive advantage, and become the important factor to promote the development of regional economy.In this paper, from the innovation environment, innovation resources, innovation and benefit four aspects to design a set of index system of regional innovation ability to measure, provincial regions of the country is divided into eastern, central and western regions and northeast China four areas, respectively, of the regional innovation capability has carried on the overall analysis, comprehensive analysis and comparison, and targeted policy Suggestions are put forward.