Starting from reality，the paper discusses the main challenges，key points and countermeasures of the agricultural supply-side structural reform in Jiangsu. There are some noteworthy challenges for the agriculture of Jiangsu that are the problems caused by grain prices upside down at home and abroad，increasingly severe agricultural labor aging and the significant volatility of agricultural product market. It should be focused on promoting agricultural production planning and organization degree，improving the agricultural informatization level，enhancing the ability of deep processing of agricultural products，heightening the competitiveness of agricultural products in the international market and promoting the construction of agricultural product safety and quality assurance system for the agricultural supply-side structural reform in Jiangsu. In view of the current challenges and the focus of reform，the author puts forward three comprehensive measures：to deepen rural reform，to intensify the green box subsidies and to accelerate industrial integration development among rural first industry，second industry and the third industry.