Based on a longitudinal survey on peasant migrant workers and literature review，this paper argues that the birth and the growing-up experiences of the second-generation migrant workers are inseparable with urban life. This generation holds views towards jobs and life that are distinct from their parents’ generation. Their socialization have been impacted by the living experiences and values from cities，and they consequently have high expectations in receiving education. In contrast，in reality there are a multitude of obstacles on their ways to schools. The experience of school transfers，academic failures and losing the opportunities to attend schools have actually forced this generation to enter the labor market too early. Their states of employment cannot satisfy their own aspirations；the discrimination based on their household registrations affects their employment opportunities；and they lack employment service or further education opportunities. They still face social marginalization similar to what the last generation has experienced. Their citizenization and social integration are still serious problems. How to establish an equitable social system to ensure that the second-generation migrant workers can realize the mobility across social classes through education and their own efforts is a major challenge faced by the Chinese society at present.