In this paper，the author analyzes the survival and development of poor children in Shaanxi Provincefrom the aspects of external environment，family structure and family relationships，family members’ physical and psychological quality，family material economic conditions，and social support environment，health，education and social security with in-depth research. The study finds that the main problems are the natural environment with phenomenon of orphans and health issues. In response to these problems，the paper puts forward the mechanism of improving poverty alleviation，improving the social security system and welfare policy，improving the level of medical and health care services，eliminating the poverty caused by education，strengthening education supervision，improving the family education ability，improving the social welfare of the poor children.