The minority-concentrated region faces higher poverty risk and shall be given more concern in China’s anti-poverty process. Developing and improving social security is an important measure for anti-poverty in the minority-concentrated region，and plays an important role in alleviating poverty in the region with ethnic minorities and improving living standard of urban and rural residents in the region. In recent years，the cause of social security in the minority-concentrated region witnessed quick development，and total expenditures for social security were increased obviously. With the development of social security in the region，incomes of urban and rural residents increased correspondingly，playing active role in alleviating poverty in the region. However，many problems remain in social security in the region. For example，the coverage is still limited，urban-rural gap is large，social welfare and social assistance development lag behind relatively，financial input is insufficient，and redistribution function needs to be improved. In the future，social security in the minority-concentrated region should be further reformed and improved，so as to give full play to its role in anti-poverty.