The fact that multiple elements cause poverty in minority-concentrated region determines that in anti-poverty process，attentions must be paid to balanced efforts to economic development，social security and right guarantee，so as to play the combined role of them in poverty reduction，alleviation and elimination，in which right guarantee is the premise，economic development the foundation，and social security the fundamental. Social security，as an important instrument for national income redistribution，can better overcome problems caused due to unequal primary distribution，narrow income gap and reduce poverty generation rate. Action mechanism of social security in anti-poverty is reflected in three aspects，namely the support and relief of social assistance can directly eliminate poverty，the mutual aid of social insurance can prevent poverty，and the public welfare nature of social welfare can indirectly eliminate poverty.