The theoretical research on risk society is intented to avoid social risks and promote building the harmonious society. The important contributions of the theory consist of two central interrelated theses. One concerns the double-divergent dilemma of contemporary development and the other concerns the structural plight of risk society. The stratagem of building harmonious society for the future，contains the double surmount of the developmental dilemma and structural plight. In modern China，with the protruding of risk problem，the relation between development and risk has become the key to building harmonious society. The disharmonious factors are the hidden risks with which the transitional China is faced. So we must deal with the relation between development and harmony for preventing risks，and then adjust the strategies of social development and finally implement the reflexive development to surmount the plight of risk society.