Due to the difference of sources of risk and administrative systems，methods and purpose of the public participation in food safety risk governance are different. Based on the analysis to the basic framework of the food safety risk governance and the reasons of public participation guided by government，from the perspective of legislative，executive and judicial，through the comparison to methods and purpose of public participation in the United States，Japan and China，it finds that the particularity of public participation is that it pays more attention to solving the shortage of regulatory resources and power in law enforcement participation. This particularity is caused by weak regulatory power at the grass-roots level，low industry concentration，institutional arrangements of local government accountability and requirements of social governance. Therefore，we should focus on strengthening primary regulatory power，improving public participation in the system，and at the same time establishing and improving the public interest litigation system and punitive damages system.