In order to reduce the organic agricultural products certification cumbersome procedures and high cost of certification，the participatory security system（PGS）construct local production，certification，and consumption network based on the trust，social network and knowledge sharing，to support small scale and low income farmers in the production of organic agricultural products，promote local economic development，enhance the level of food safety，and protect the ecological environment. Research literature on Chinese farmers’ cognition and willingness to participate in the the PGS is a blank. This paper empirically analyzes factors affecting Chinese small scale agricultural farmers’ awareness and willingness to participate in PGS to product organic agricultural products through large-scale questionnaire survey. And in particular this paper explores the effect of two variables，farmers recognition to PGS and the willingness to product organic agricultural products，on farmers’ willingness to participate in the PGS. The results show that the rate of farmers’awareness of PGS and willingness to participate are not high；farmers’ cognition on PGS and willingness to produce organic agricultural products significantly affect Farmers’willingness to participate in PGS；farmers who have heard PGS and willing to produce organic agricultural products，their willingness to participate in the PGS were increased by 8.6% and 41.3%；in addition，the expected profit，attitude，college degree or above are significant factors affecting farmers’willingness to participate in the PGS. Based on the results，this paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions.