>When drafting the Constitutional Treaty the European Union choose a different approach by establishing a Convention composed of representatives of national parliaments，national governments，the European Parliament and the Commission. Apart from the composition it differed from the preceding treaty amending process by emphasizing deliberation whereas in intergovernmental conferences bargaining will prevail.

The chapter firstly clarifies what is the meaning of deliberation，introduces the concept of deliberation and bargain in Communicative theory and Rhetoric theory and generalizes the gauge of deliberation. The article then moves from theory to a case study，and gives a detailed account of the deliberation in the Convention in respect to structure，atmosphere and institutional setting. The author explores the reason for the shift from bargain in inter-governmental conferences to deliberation in the Convention during the European integration process. Finally，he points out the limitation of deliberation in the Convention.