“Community”，as the most important concept and one of the high-frequency words in Convention on the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage，plays a leading role in the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage（ICH）. In the current context of ICH，the ambiguity of the concept of “community” directly affects the correct understanding of the concept of “community participation” in educational circles，and even restricts the development of protection of “community/community participation”. The author summarizes the origin and evolution of the concept of “community” in the field of sociology. We think that when defining the essence of “community”，it needs to combine the social relations which is connected with the public with the regional space. In the last part，a case study of the Mazu belief and customs is used to illustrate how the “community” in the ICH sense is constructed through different social relations by its believers. Through these efforts，the author expects to update the idea of “community” and provides the reference for the future protection of ICH under the guidance of “community participation”.