This paper analyzes the development process and characteristics of the population aging in the eleven provinces and cities of the Yangtze River Economic Belt since 2000，and puts forward problems in the process of population aging like aging advance in economic development level，the development of pension services and the level of aging does not match，empty nest elderly and the backward conditions of elderly care service. This report establishes the forecasting model of population development to predict population aging in the Yangtze River Economic Belt in twenty-first Century. Finally，it put forward some policies suggestions such as the establishing the Yangtze River Economic Belt aging development coordination mechanism to support cross regional elder care，giving full play to the role of family elder care，community elder care and pension institutions，accelerating the development of the aging industry，expanding the basic old-age insurance coverage，improving the health care system，and promoting the employment of the elderly and healthy aging.