This paper takes the eleven provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt as the research object，analyzing the population urbanization trends and characteristics of the upper，middle and lower reaches of different areas and provinces. Then，it points out the problems that exist in the process of urbanization，such as unbalanced regional development，urbanization lagged behind the economic development level，imperfect urban system and so on. Finally it put forward countermeasures of actively promoting urban floating citizenship，exerting urban agglomeration synergy，promoting coordinated development of cities and small towns developing on the new concept of urbanization.