This chapter investigates the economic development of 110 cities on Yangtze River Economic Belt during 2010 to 2015. Our study shows that，since 2010，the economic growth of cities on Yangtze River Economic Belt has slowed down，the industrial structure evolves towards servicization，and the opening-up of the economy improves continually，while the local financial resources grow further. With the population increasing and the carrying out of reform and opening-up，the urbanization process of Yangtze River Economic Belt stably advances，the city system evolves，and the efficiency of land use improves dramatically；meanwhile，there are several problems that threatening the healthy development of cities on Yangtze River Economic Belt，such as the pressure of economic downturn，the discordance of population and industrial agglomeration，regional income disparity and financial deficit，etc. In the end，the authors discuss the policy implication in growth pole cultivating，metropolitan area developing，the mechanism of urban cluster constructing and other important issues.