This chapter mainly introduced the development of mountain outdoor sport in China including the basic conception，characteristic，classification and related policies and regulations. Based on the analysis of participant and sport features，the paper made a rank division of mountain outdoor sport by difficulty. Meanwhile，the research also focused on the main factors that affected the development of mountain outdoor sports of China，including exploitation strategy of mountain outdoor sports resource，personnel training mode，training system，mountain outdoor sport event，and rescue and insurance system. Under the rapid development stage of the leisure sport industry.，the article indicated that events of mountain outdoor sport would be globalized，diversified，universal，and humanized in the future. Mountain outdoor sport is a kind of rising leisure sport which would be the important growth points of leisure sport economy of China，and it would promote the development of Chinese leisure sport industry prosperously.