Based on the development during the “12th Five-year” period，four backgrounds for the energy development during the “13th Five-year” period of China have been analyzed. Firstly，China’s economy and energy development had entered the New Normal. Secondly，China planned to achieve the national target to build “moderately well-off society” by 2020，and this needs to shore up our weak spots. Thirdly，China should realize the national low-carbon target on the carbon emission reduction per GDP by 2020. Finally，the Paris Agreement started a new stage of green and global low-carbon development. Hereby，the roadmap of the energy low-carbon transformation during the “13th Five-year” period had been deeply elaborated. It needs to change the extensive mode of development，save energy and improve energy efficiency；reduce the coal consumption and make the annual consumption of coal reach its peak during “13th Five-year” period；fully develop non-fossil energy；stabilize oil development and increase natural gas utilization；develop the smart energy network；urbanize in a low-carbon way. Finally，the four characteristics targets have been listed for the energy low-carbon transition during the “13th Five-year” period.