Prosocial behavior is the cornerstone of social harmony. How to promote prosocial behavior is not only a realistic social needs，but also an important issue in front of social psychologists. Current research often confused the phenomenon of prosocial behavior with its intention and motivation and make it difficult to promote prosocial behavior with a program with both feasibility and operability. The present study is a response to real-world problems，based on the mechanism of prosocial behavior from a perspective of cognitive neuroscience，using a combination of large-scale survey and laboratory experiments. It focused on the overall level of Beijing citizens’ prosocial behavior and its variability across different professions，regions，social classes and ages and found that overall Beijing citizens possess a strong intention towards the prosocial behavior，but in terms of the manifestation of specific prosocial behaviors，there is a big gap. The results further found that the cause of the gap originates mainly from the lack of prosocial emotions，consistent with the cognitive neuroscience findings of the role of the nucleus accumbens is prosocial motivation mechanism；and that the lack of prosocial emotions in Beijing citizens is related to their subjective perception of social status，especially the lack of a sense of respect. Following this vein，we designed two laboratory experiments to confirm the above link，and found that if the subjective perception of social status is manipulated，participants’ prosocial emotions would also be enhanced，and thus showing an elevation of the prosocial behavior.