Sustained input of new factors and new technologies is the basic power that makes the process from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. New factors and new technologies are of great significance to modern agriculture. It is not only to improve labor productivity，but also to reduce the uncertainty in the process of agricultural production. At present，the development of agriculture in major grain production areas in China are confronted with new uncertainty：lack of investment in agricultural infrastructure，non-improved agricultural production mode and reduced the degree of concern to agricultural production for farmers. It needs to be solved by strengthening agricultural infrastructure construction，promoting agricultural science and technology innovation，cultivating new professional farmers，improving the implementation of agricultural policy flexibility and other aspects.