外资企业能否健康成长,对稳定出口具有重要意义。通常认为外资企业能够免受融资约束之苦,但实际情况如何?本文基于2005~2007年中国工业企业数据,构建循环结构联立方程模型,探究外资企业融资约束、出口和创新间的关系。针对外资企业的特征,采用银行信贷和商业信贷两个指标衡量其所受的融资约束,结果发现:民企所受的银行信贷和商业信贷约束最严重,外企次之,国企最小;从银行信贷指标衡量,外资企业的融资约束缓解和出口、创新三者间存在自我加强的循环效应;从商业信贷指标看,融资约束缓解能促进外资企业的出口和创新,出口能促进商业信贷的缓解,但创新对商业信贷的缓解作用很小。因此,缓解外资企业的融资约束,当务之急是完善不同所有制企业依法平等使用生产要素的制度保证,同时,适度控制外资企业的商业风险。
<<The paper analyses relationship between external financing constraints of foreign enterprises,export and innovation,and compares with the results of the state-owned enterprises and private enterprises by using the data of industrial enterprises from 2005-2007,through establishing the simultaneous equations model of loop structure. We use bank credit and commercial credit to measure enterprise financing constraints. The results show that the ease of bank constraints of foreign enterprises will effectively improve export and innovation,and export also can ease its bank constraints of foreign enterprises;and commercial credit also can ease its bank constraints of foreign enterprises,export can ease commercial credit,but innovation have little effect on the ease of commercial credit and China’s private enterprises suffer the most serious banking and credit constraint,foreign-funded enterprises follows;and state-owned enterprises suffer the least serious constraint. External financing constraints ease can promote the export of the foreign capital enterprise and innovation,on the other hand,the export of the foreign capital enterprise and innovation also can alleviate the exogenous financing constraints. As a consequence,easing the financing constraints of foreign enterprises has practical significance,there should be a systematic guarantee that production factors are used legally and coequally by different ownership enterprises.
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