To empirical measure home food handling risk behavior characteristics，the meaning of home food handling risk behavior was defined based on previous research findings and the realities in China in this study. The current home food handling risk behaviors in China were analyzed based on sampling survey data from 2163 households in 10 provinces in China under theory of practical，using factor analysis and cluster analysis. On this basis，in order to determine critical risk behavior characteristics and key risk population characteristics，the relationship between home food handling risk behavior characteristics and foodborne disease was analyzed using the ordered multinomial logistic model，with foodborne diarrhea as a study case. The survey found that corresponding to the food safety behavior，home food handling risk behaviors characterized mainly for food transport，frozen food and leftovers mishandled，cross-contamination among kitchen cleaning supplies，cross-contamination between raw and cooked foods，hygiene risk，uncompleted cooking. Cross-contamination between raw and cooked foods，and leftovers mishandled were major risk behavior characteristics of family food-borne diarrhea. The key risk family populations were male，married，older，households of few members，lower education and occupation of stability，and lower individual income and household income levels. The home is the last line to prevent foodborne illness，the government should be committed to communicate with consumers，to enhance consumer awareness of responsibility，to use the differentiation strategy to improve food handling risk habits of household consumer，and to implement the foodborne disease prevention strategy.