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“计划生育”作为一项基本国策在我国已经实施30多年，有效遏制了人口过快增长所带来的经济社会压力。然而，独生子女在成长中死亡导致父母养老无依的问题日益严重，由此产生的失独家庭已成为我国经济社会发展中越来越普遍的社会现象。“失独”不仅给“失独者”带来了丧子之痛，破坏了家庭结构，颠覆了家庭关系，还引发了一系列新的家庭与社会问题。如何帮助失独者进行家庭重构、社区回归，构建政府、企业、社会组织及志愿者多方合作的失独家庭帮扶机制，不仅事关“失独者”本人的幸福，更关乎国家的文明与进步。本文基于协同理论视角，以北京市西城区失独状况为分析数据，通过文献研究、实地调研等方法，对失独群体产生原因，其生活现状及利益诉求，帮扶措施及存在问题进行分析。在此基础上，本文提出构建政府、企业、社会组织、志愿者等多方协作的“失独家庭”帮扶机制的政策建议。
<<As a basic policy，“Birth Control” has been carried out for over 30 years in China，and it relieved the social pressure of the over-population effectively. But at the same time，the problem of Families with the Only Child Lost is getting more serious and became the special social phenomenon. The Only Child Lost not only destroys the family-structure but also subverts the domestic-relationships and does harm to the family functions. It makes a big deal to help families which lost one-child，reconstruct and construct aid system to those families among government，enterprises，NGOs and volunteers. This paper is aimed at the case of Xicheng district of Beijing，analyzed the reason，present situation，and the appeals of Families with the Only Child Lost，hopping to put forward some policy advices.
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