This paper explored the protection and governance of historical and cultural districts in Beijing，based on case study of Dashilar District. Beijing has speeded up historical and cultural districts renewal with the development of urbanization，and the ideas，contents and ways of protection have constantly changed. But protection and development will always be the main topic of historical and cultural districts renewal，as well as the basic purpose of improving the people’s livelihood. Now，we should not only protect material culture heritages，but also extend the social structure and life energy of historical and cultural districts，inheriting traditional Beijing culture.