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    制度地位、干预水平和社会参与:北京市残疾人的日常境遇

    摘要

    运用对北京市部分残疾人进行的问卷调查资料,本报告对样本残疾人的日常境遇——分别操作化为他们当前所处的制度性地位和基本福利、所接受社会干预的水平和社会参与及社会支持的状况——进行简要的分析。从总体上看,样本残疾人受教育水平的分布结构与北京正常人群大致相似,但在婚姻市场上受到了一定程度的挤压;且随着市场化的推进和福利就业制度的衰弱,年轻一代残疾人面临的就业形势更为严峻,自主进入劳动力市场的机会相对不足;就业者的平均收入稍微高于北京市的最低收入水平。就治疗和康复这一社会干预的核心主题来看,这个样本因残疾导致的治疗需求的总体满足程度仅为四成,而他们因残疾导致的康复需求的总体满足程度仅为三成。社会参与和社会支持方面,兴趣爱好,以及通过互联网和移动终端与外界发生联系是他们最主要的社会参与形式,而家人、朋友和近亲/远亲这三类初级社会关系则是他们最重要的三类社会支持来源,来自组织的和制度的社会支持尚未进入残疾人日常生活世界的核心。

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    Abstract

    Using survey data from a small sample of disable people in Beijing,this article describes in detail the daily situations that these people encountered,as operationalized as their current statuses in various social institutions,their basic welfare status,level of social interventions they received,and their level of social participation and major sources of social support. In general,this sample’s educational attainment seems very much like that of Beijing’s general population,but apparently,they have encountered fairly amount of discrimination within the marriage system;also,with the marketization of the labor force,and the decline of a welfare-oriented state allocation practices,young disabled people had faced a highly elevated pressure in pursuing a satisfied employment relying on their own solely. For the sub-sample who worked,their income level is slightly higher than people who enjoyed Beijing’s Least Social Security Program. As for the needs of treatment and rehabilitation,a core theme of societal intervention,only 40% of the former,and 30% of the latter had been satisfied,leads us to the most salient institutional deficiency of the current system. Personal hobbies,and participation through internet and online social media platforms became two most important ways of their connection to the outside world,while family,friends,and close relatives were nominated as three most important sources of social support,which showcased that,primary social relations,instead of organizational or institutional sources of social assistance(secondary in their nature),retained their cultural centrality in disabled people’s daily life.

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    作者简介
    刘能:刘能,北京大学社会学系教授、博士生导师,北京大学中国社会与发展研究中心副主任。
    宋庆宇:宋庆宇,北京大学社会学系博士生。
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