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谢伏瞻
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李培林
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    2015年法国国民阵线的政治参与

    摘要

    2015年,法国社会局势中最为突出的经济低缓、失业严重、恐怖袭击事件频发和难民涌入等问题持续发酵,为极右翼政党国民阵线在政治选举中力量的增长制造了社会环境。国民阵线在省议会选举和大区选举中均获得了较高的民意支持,斩获的议席数量再次取得历史性突破,政治力量不断增强。但在法国现行政治选举的机制框架下,国民阵线未能获取任何一个省议会或大区议会的领导权,这充分显示出其政治影响力依然脆弱。不过,国民阵线日渐增长的民意支持改变了法国的政治生态,使其形成了“三足鼎立”的格局。国民阵线在法国政治格局中的拓展对于欧洲其他极右翼政党的成长具有一定的“示范”效应,因此其负面影响值得警惕。可是,综合来看,国民阵线政治崛起的负面影响在法国社会认知的层面上却未能引起足够重视。

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    Abstract

    In 2015,benefited greatly from the worsening economic and social situations in France,characterized mainly by weak growth,heavy unemployment,terrorist attacks and refugee influx,the political strength of the French far-right party National Front was reinforced especially through political elections. The FN received wider public support in both provincial and regional council elections and made historic breakthroughs in the number of the seats gained. Nevertheless,due to the current framework of the election systems in France,the FN obtained leadership at neither the provincial nor regional level,which evidently shows that the FN’s political influence is still fragile. However,the FN has indeed been strengthened by the growing public support lent to it,which has changed the French political ecology in that the former bipartisan pattern is gradually giving place to a three-party structure. Given that the expansion of the political force of the FN may have “spillover” effects on the other far-right parties in Europe,such negative influences that it may exert is worth our vigilant watch. However,attention that has been attached to the negative impacts of the FN’s political rise at the level of social perceptions is far from adequate.

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    作者简介
    张金岭:张金岭,中国社会科学院欧洲研究所副研究员。
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