In recent years，the enterprization of agriculture by industrial and commercial organizations has been comprehensively remoulding productive relations in rural China. Local governments and business enterprises cooperate to impose land trading on peasants through coercive administrative power. Peasants are deprived of their contractual right of land with inadequate rent in return，with which they can hardly make ends meet，and they have to live on their labor force. Thus，those who were once yeomen are now being proletarianized. However，due to the restriction of rural land system，Chinese peasants can only become “semi-proletarianized” within limited time and to a limited degree. With such a tremendous challenge to the governance of rural China and the whole society，it is imperative that the path of agricultural development should be prudently chosen.