长期以来,经典博弈理论需对每个博弈做出一系列限定,以使博弈达到相应的均衡,这些限定构成了博弈理论的隐含假设。然而,现实中的博弈并非封闭在一个给定的环境中,博弈者随时受到外界情境影响,需要在做出行动策略前赋予所处情境和其他行动者一定意义。本文在梳理经典博弈论建模思路的基础上,指出了经典博弈模型的隐含假设和可能存在的“盲点”;同时尝试将社会学中的“情境定义”和“认同”等概念引入博弈论进行探讨。本文认为,情境定义既可能影响互动的基本环境,也可能影响对互动对方的辨认和认同;博弈者在不同情境定义下,其行为逻辑和策略选择将大相径庭,博弈的发展路径也因此产生很大差异。
<<For a long period of time,game theory has traditionally relied upon a tacit and “classical” set of modeling paradigms. In order to reach equilibrium,classical game theorists need to set some limits for every model,which make the implied assumptions of game theory. However,games that happen in the real world are not confined to a given circumstance. Game players are often influenced by the outside situation. And people need to define the situation and identify other actors before they develop strategies. It leaves open of the question that what will happen to the game models if we take into consideration the factors like definition of situation and identity?Definition of situation can influence both the basic environment of interaction and identification of other actors. Defining situation in a different way,game players take different logic of behavior and strategies,which will make a huge difference in approach-developing in the game. This paper reviews the logic and modeling paradigms of classical game theory and points out their implied assumptions and possible ‘blind spots’. It also reviews key conceptions like definition of situation and identity in the theory of social interactionism and discuss the possibility of introducing them into game theory.
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