The ability of independent development is an important embodiment of the sustainable development of a country, the reason why most African countries develop their power is insufficient, largely related to their ability of independent development. Mining industry is a field that can reflect a country's ability of independent development. However, some sitting on a large number of mineral resources, development potential is good of African countries, in the long-term development did not get corresponding development achievements, instead into a "resource curse", "mining enclave", growth without development, resource development cycle and trap. In recent years, the change of international economic situation has brought new development opportunities to the development of mining industry in Africa. To this end, to enhance the ability of independent development through the mining policy adjustment has become a focus of attention of many African countries again. A comparative analysis of the African mineral development independent of changes from the perspective of history, not only conducive to a correct understanding of Africa's current mining policy adjustment, but also is helpful to promote, including deepening the mining cooperation of health in China, the outside world and Africa. <<