After the Second World War, due to the economy and the rapid development of science and technology, Japan in fact has exceeded the pacifist constitution constraint, the national defense mobilization system has been restored, mobilization base developed, mobilization capability rapidly increased, and has been have a greater potential for mobilization. Now, Japan has become an economic power, and constantly made itself the political power and military power as the target. Although Japan has not yet formed a complete set of mobilization system, but the mobilization of problem has been the subject of political and military importance, the mobilization of substantial preparatory activities has been carried out. This article firstly introduces the leadership system of the country's national defense mobilization, including mobilization in leader body and executive body; then introduces the country's national defense mobilization system, including military service system, reserve service system, economic mobilization system; at last, it introduces the basic measures to mobilize the country, including developing economy and science and technology, optimizing the structure of the self defense force, building up the national logistics support and material mobilization network, and strengthening the material reserve. <<