2015年,原油产量的下滑和国际石油价格的下跌导致委内瑞拉的石油出口收入锐减,宏观经济形势进一步恶化,具体表现为不断加剧的通货膨胀、严重的商品短缺和巨大的本币贬值压力。执政的统一社会主义党(PSUV)在被动形势下迎来国会选举,最终遭遇重大失利。作为反对党的民主团结联盟(MUD)一举赢得下届国会的2/3多数席位,首次实现对国会的全面控制。权力争夺势必加剧委内瑞拉政局的不稳定性。为应对通胀的冲击,马杜罗政府年内4次提高全国最低工资;为改善居民住房条件,继续大力实施“大委内瑞拉住房使命”。在对外政策领域,马杜罗政府力图稳定国际石油价格、争取更多的外部融资。委美两国有所接触,但双边关系仍然以对抗为基调。
<<In 2015,the decline of crude output and the fall of oil prices contributed to a drop in Venezuela’s oil export revenues. The macroeconomic situation deteriorated,as manifested in surging inflation,severe commodity shortage and tremendous pressure in bolívar fuerte depreciation. The ruling PSUV was forced to embrace a congressional election and suffered a huge setback in the end. The opposition MUD won two thirds of the seats of the next congress,gaining overall control for the very first time. The power struggle between PSUV and MUD will certainly make the Venezuelan political situation more uncertain. As an effort to cope with inflation,the Maduro government raised the national minimum wage four times within a year. In order to improve housing conditions,it continued to vigorously perform the Gran Misión Vivienda(GMVV). When it comes to foreign policy,the Maduro government attempted to stabilize oil prices and seek more external funds. Venezuela and the United States made some contact,but confrontation remained the tone for bilateral ties.
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