Governments at all levels are now actively proceeding with the 13th Five-Year Plan，among which demographic planning constitutes the most fundamental and important aspect，while the foundation of demographic planning is demographic forecast. To carry out demographic forecast of Anhui Province in the new era，we must fully consider the impact of demographic policies，among which the policy of “second kid for everyone” launched in 2016 will inevitably exert influences on all demographic factors during the 13th Five-Year period. Based on analysis of previous demographic patterns，this study adopts the cohort component method for demographic forecasts in the next 15 years，along with result analysis. The window for demographic dividend opened in 1995，and will close in 2020；accumulated social problems concerning marriage will become acute at the end of the 13th Five-Year period；aging population will not become a severe issue until 2030；and the forthcoming retirement policy will have a relatively little impact on the number of labor population in Anhui Province.