2015 is the finishing year for the development of the 12th Five-Year Plan，during which Anhui has comprehensively promoted the Four-Overall strategy，taken multiple measures to accommodate the new economic normality，and scored conspicuous achievements in the Five-in-One economic，social，political，cultural and ecological development. Economic growth keeps steady，and economic situation turns better amid stability；the two grassroots committees have successfully completed reelection，and actively implemented Three Strict’s and Three Steady’s；ecological environment keeps improving，and ecological development of the province is steady in its progress；cultural development is dynamic and colorful，and all efforts are made to build a province strong in culture；reform keeps intensifying in all aspects，and outstanding achievements have been made in innovation and entrepreneurship；social undertakings have achieved significant progress，and efforts are made to build a harmonious Anhui. In terms of regional development，conspicuous achievements have been made in the development of Yangtze River（Anhui）Demo Zone，North Anhui Economic Belt，South Anhui Demo Zone for International Tourism，and Hefei Economic Circle. In the new period，the major challenges for the social and economic development of Anhui are as follows：severe economic downtown，imbalanced cultural development，increasing restrictions from resources and environment，frequent social conflicts and disputes，growing pressure in employment and pension，and inadequate opening up and reform. To meet the above challenges，and based on existing experiences and practices of the province，this report proposes relevant policy countermeasures as reference and consideration for the sound economic and social development of Anhui in the future as well as for relevant policy-making.