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    我国环境污染与食品安全问题的时空聚集性研究——突发环境事件与食源性疾...

    摘要

    深入研究食品安全问题,必须充分挖掘环境污染、食品安全与人体健康之间的内在联系,从时空尺度共同对生态环境保护、食品安全治理和人体健康保障的社会资源进行合理调配。本文分别以食源性疾病暴发事件、突发环境事件作为分析我国食品安全和环境污染情况的替代指标,利用空间统计方法,对2007~2013年各省、自治区、直辖市的食源性疾病暴发事件和突发环境事件两类事件展开空间格局和时空聚集性分析。研究发现,6年间我国食源性疾病暴发事件的空间分布中心主要位于湖南省与湖北省交界区域,并呈现缓慢向东部移动的态势。在空间格局上,主要位于我国“胡焕庸线”东南部,呈东北—西南方向分布,且主趋势方向不断向北靠拢,同时向西北—东南扩张,东—西方向的空间格局差异更为明显。另外,我国环境污染主要发生于“胡焕庸线”的东部,其分布范围应更偏向于东部沿海地区。利用Crimestat3。0的Knox指数和Mantel指数进一步分析两类事件的时空聚集性,Knox指数显示,两类事件具有时空交互性,而Mantel指数表明,食源性疾病暴发事件和突发环境事件的空间聚集差值的均值分别为300公里和450公里,两类事件在较大空间尺度上并不具有时空交互性。突发环境事件和食源性疾病暴发事件在大、小不同空间尺度呈现差异化的时空聚集性。为实现地方政府与企业、社会组织和公众的共治模式,通过信息共享平台,合理配置生态环境保护、食品安全治理和人体健康保障的社会资源提供了方向。

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    Abstract

    Further study the food safety problem,it is necessary to fully tap inner link between the environment pollution,food safety and public health,from the space and time scale to reasonable allocate the resources of environmental management,food safety and public health. We took on foodborne disease outbreak,abrupt environment affairs as substitute index for analysis of our country’s food safety and environmental pollution. The method of spatial statistics was used to analyze the spatial pattern and spatial-temporal aggregation of China’s foodborne disease abruption and emergency environmental accidents from the province level in 2007-2013. Results were found that six years of foodborne disease outbreak in China,the spatial distribution center of standard deviation ellipse were mainly located in Southeastern “Hu Huanyong line”,and presents the slow eastward,which spatial pattern gradually expanded to the northeast-southwest China,and the distribution range gathered to north-south direction. At the same time,the occurrence of environment affairs showed that,spatial pattern of the environmental pollution in China were located in the eastern “Hu Huanyong line”,its distribution range were mainly in eastern coastal areas. We using Crimestat 3.0 Knox and Mantel index further analyzing the space-time aggregation of these two events,Knox index showed that the interaction of time and space was in the two types of events,and Mantel index showed that mean difference of space gathered of foodborne disease outbreaks and environmental emergency were 300 km and 450 km respectively,there was no interaction between time and space in a bigger space scale. In large and small space scale,abrupt environment affairs and foodborne disease outbreak had differential aggregation in space and time. How to promote local governments and enterprises,social organizations and the public to realize common governance in environmental management,food safety,public health,through the information sharing platform,to show the direction of social resources which reasonable allocating in environmental management,food safety and human health.

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    作者简介
    王晓莉:王晓莉(1974~ ),女,江苏南京人,博士,副教授,任职于江南大学商学院、江苏省食品安全研究基地,研究方向为食品安全管理。
    陆姣:陆姣(1988~ ),女,山西运城人,博士,江南大学江苏省食品安全研究基地博士后,研究方向为食品安全管理。
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