消费不平等一般理解为人们在拥有和使用物质资源上的不平等,本文则从“消费文化”的维度分析消费不平等,即不同社会经济群体在消费文化中所处地位的不平等,并强调这种不平等更多地来自社会的建构,后果可能强化社会不平等和社会隔离。本文基于12所高校大学生的影视剧欣赏和手机消费的调查数据,实证分析从文化品味、物质文化和消费倾向三个维度,推翻了一些不平等的消费文化设定。研究发现①是否喜欢看韩剧同高等教育水平之间的关系不显著;②不同出身的大学生在物质欲望的程度上差异不显著,背景较优越的大学生总体上更依赖物质;③同出身成长较弱势的大学生相比,背景较优越的大学生总体上更倾向“面子消费”。政策制定者应当反思不平等的消费文化地位被建构的机制和因素,推进社会公平,促进社会融合。
<<Inequalities in consumption are usually understood as inequalities in ownership of material resources. This paper,however,examines inequalities in consumption from the dimension of “consumer culture”,that is,unequal status in consumer culture of different socio-economic groups. It emphasizes that the unequal statuses have been socially constructed,with the consequences of increasing social inequalities and social exclusion.The data comes from a survey on drama appreciation and consumption of mobile phones among students from 12 universities in China. Empirical analysis,from the dimensions of cultural taste,material culture and consumer orientation,rejected some hypotheses/stereotypes upon unequal statuses in consumer culture,which are usually associated with institutional factors of family origins and education level. It is found that(1)there is no significant correlation between preference of Korean dramas and education level;(2)there are no significant differences in the extent of material aspiration among university students from different family backgrounds nor between urban and rural origins,and students from better-off origins are more dependent on material goods;(3)compared with those from less well-off origins,students from better-off origins are generally more enthusiastic about “face” consumption. Policy-makers should reflect upon the mechanisms of how unequal statuses in consumer culture are constructed,in order to promote social justice and social integration.
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