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双循环
20世纪60年代中期以来，美国政府开始通过拨款、购买服务合同、税收优惠、贷款担保以及凭单等各种政府工具支持非营利组织来提供各种社会服务。现有文献着重探讨了这些政府工具对公共行政的影响，但对政府工具如何影响非营利组织的研究相对不足。本研究以位于巴尔的摩和哥伦比亚特区华盛顿的儿童照顾委员会（BCC）、马里兰家庭网络（MFN）和哥伦比亚特区中心厨房（DCCK）三个非营利组织为研究对象考察政府工具对非营利组织的影响。研究表明，两个最为常见的政府工具——拨款和购买服务合同——在治理方式、管理能力、组织绩效和特有属性等方面对非营利组织产生了显著影响。
<<Since mid 1960s，the American government has facilitated non-profit organizations to provide various social services with grants，service procurement contracts，preferential tax and loan guarantee and vouchers among other instruments. The existing literature mainly investigates into the government instruments’ influence upon public administration，but makes less than sufficient study on the government instruments’ influence upon NPOs. This research focuses on the three NPOs，i.e.，BCC in Baltimore and Washing DC，Columbia，MFN and DCCK，to examine the government instruments’ influence upon NPOs. The finding reveals that the two most common government instruments-grants and service procurement contracts-exert notable influence upon NPOs in terms of the governance mode，management ability，organization performance and special properties.
<<| Keywords： | Non-profit OrganizationChild Care CommitteeMaryland Family NetworkDistrict of Columbia Kitchen |
