Great achievements were made in the agricultural sector in 2015，the last year of the 12th Five-Year Plan Period. The twelfth consecutive increase in grain production was recorded. The price of grains declined slightly in 2015. The process of structural adjustments of cash crops production was progressing smoothly. The production and price of cotton and sugar decreased while those of oil crops increased. The production of hogs declined in 2015. The price of hogs declined in the first quarter，and then increased rapidly. The production of beef and mutton increased steadily with a slight price decline. Some suggestions are made as to how to improve comprehensive production capabilities during the supply-side structural reforms in agriculture for a steady and sustainable development of agricultural products market system in 2016.