Through a case study of Shanghai Cancer Rehabilitation Club, the earliest and largest cancer self-help organization in China, this paper attempts to understand the function and role of cancer self-help organization in the context of Chinese social culture. Based on literature review, the researcher adopts social support theory and social learning theory to examine the effect and mechanism of empowerment of club members at individual and collective levels from the perspective of empowerment. The main conclusion of this study is: Shanghai cancer self-help organization is an important source of social support and an important place for social learning. Through the interaction of the above mechanisms, the club provides a platform for members to increase their rights; the participation of members is the process and background of inducing members' empowerment; social support and social learning are two independent empowerment mechanisms. However, the data also show that even with the strength of the club organization, members feel powerless and helpless to influence the organization or the larger society outside the organization. It can be seen that the de empowerment structure faced by cancer patients in China is extremely strong. The above research results have important reference significance for the development of social welfare, social work and self-help organizations in China.