This paper is an exploratory study on the occupational health and safety policy system in Hong Kong. The purpose of this study is to understand the historical driving force, dependent trajectory and policy results of the occupational health and safety policy system in Hong Kong. Based on the national system theory of pempel (1998) and the welfare system theoretical framework of esping Andersen (1990) and Gough (1999), this study adopts a historical retrospective single case (latent) design to conduct a comprehensive, in-depth and multi-faceted study on the whole case of Hong Kong's occupational health and safety policy system and the hidden units of the construction industry health and safety policy system from 1947 to 1997 explore. This study finds that Hong Kong was born out of the interaction between the scattered and weak working class collective power, the powerful financial capital believing in Neo liberalism and the colonial government, the political system dominated by administration and limited democracy, the active non intervention economic policy, the low development of labor and social welfare system and the globalized economy New policy system of occupational health and safety. The empirical study of this paper shows that the occupational health and safety policy system in Hong Kong is close to the prototype of Neo liberalism. The health and safety policy system of Hong Kong's new self employment (including the construction industry) will develop steadily. When Hong Kong is faced with external and internal political, economic and social pressures, the response mode of its policy system always does not deviate from the path of Neo liberalism, some of which are just the changes of policy paradigms without the shift of paradigms. This study also found that the results of the operation of the new occupational health and safety policy system are low-level welfare development and serious occupational injuries and deaths. These results have divided the social strata and consolidated the power base of the Hong Kong governance alliance, which in turn consolidated the neoliberal occupational health and safety policy system. This study also found that the practice of the new policy system of occupational health and safety is diversified. Although they belong to the same system, different countries have different practices in specific historical space-time and different political, economic and social backgrounds. Self regulation and self-regulation belong to the type of low regulation in Hong Kong. Finally, this paper puts forward a series of suggestions for the improvement of occupational health and safety policy and future research fields in Hong Kong.