As one of the most popular ways to realize agricultural scale management or rural collective land circulation，rural land joint-stock system has played a positive role to the prosperity of rural collective economy and increase the income of the farmers.Limited by the issues as the past practice and reality system，the current theoretical research about rural land joint-stock still presents a state that diversified public opinions share little common consensus and fail to form the effective guidance to the practical exploration. Based on the modern stock theory as the logical starting point of related concepts analysis，China’s rural land joint-stock system is a new type of rural land economic system focusing on the deep fusion of shareholding system and the rural land property rights system，which is a system with the land（land types，rights，functions and so on）stock configuration，operation，revenue and management as the core，with the ownership allocation（the definition of share qualification，equity setting，quantification of the stock）and circulation，management and distribution of income，the operation and management of land joint-stock economy organization as composed elements. The practice and exploration of various existing under the name of so-called “rural land joint-stock” in Guangdong，Zhejiang，Jiangsu，Beijing，Shanghai，Sichuan and other regions of China，effective regulations and targeted improvements should be addressed in order to promote the specification and sustainable development of rural land joint-stock system.