This paper firstly discusses the connotation and composition of farmers’ scientific literacy，and then analyzes the current situation of farmers’ scientific literacy level，studies the correlation between income level and farmers’ scientific literacy，and further analyzes the important role that raising farmers’ scientific literacy in increasing farmers’ income. Meanwhile，we take Yingshan County in Hubei Province as an example for the case study from the perspective of county and science and technology demonstration villages. This report summarizes the specific practices and advanced experiences of improving farmers’ scientific literacy，analyzes the important role of scientific literacy to increase farmers’ income. We hope that this model can provide theoretical and practical guidance for relating work in Chinese farmers’ scientific literacy. <<