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    太湖流域工业园区水管理创新的困境及对策建议(2010~2015)

    摘要

    作为长三角区域重要组成部分的太湖流域水问题越来越被人们认知和重视。太湖流域工业园区众多,工业产值比重高,水资源消耗大,污染物排放多,但区域内水管理方式不一致且管理水平参差不齐,未能从整个流域层面统筹,没有重视利益相关者作用,易产生区域水环境治理不协调的问题。水资源综合管理作为落实国家最严格水管理的重要举措之一,越来越得到重视。水管理创新作为园区水资源综合管理的重要抓手,已经在太湖流域开始实践。水管理创新的核心是从流域层面考虑园区的水资源管理,强调全过程管理,同时重视利益相关者参与,发挥供应链管理作用,平衡社会、经济和生态利益,进而形成自下而上的水管理模式。本文通过分析当前工业园区水管理面临的主要问题,如缺乏水管理相关规划、园区水管理的“多龙治水”现象、部门间缺乏协调、缺乏公众参与、很少考虑园区对流域的影响,环境管理力量薄弱等问题,提出了园区实施水管理创新的必要性。由于园区水管理创新作为一项试点项目,有必要对其进行流程评估,以发现水管理创新在多大程度上适应园区水管理的需求和怎样才能确保园区的水管理按照既定的规划实施,因此,本文通过从收集数据、规划、实施、评估及信息披露等环节入手构建了过程管理评价指标体系。最后,对于园区水管理绩效改善提出了五项建议:加强制度保障,促使园区开展水管理创新;坚持过程评估与结果评估并重;完善园区水管理组织体系,强化监管考核;注重公众参与对水资源管理的促进作用、构建流域内水管理协商平台。

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    Abstract

    Taihu Basin,as an important part of Yangtze River Delta Region,has more important water issues. Although many of industrial parks in this region have created high proportion of economic value with lots of water resource and pollutants,the pattern and level of water management in industrial park is different from each other,which leads to uncoordinated issues in regional water environmental governance. Integrated water resources management as the starting point of the most stringent water management and Alliance for Water Stewardship Standard has implied in industrial park. The core of AWS standard are from the viewpoint of the basin-level water resources management,emphasizing the whole process of management,while focusing on stakeholder participation,to play the role of supply chain management,balancing social,economic and ecological benefits,thus the formation of bottom water management. This paper analyzes the main problems facing the industrial park water management,such as lack of water management related planning,the lack of inter-sectoral coordination,lack of public participation,with little regard for its impact on the watershed,the ability of environment management weak,so it is necessary to imply AWS in industrial parks. To identify how AWS standards fit the industrial park,we have built from the collection of data,planning,implementation,evaluation and information disclosure. Finally,we provide five suggestions:strengthen system security,to promote the park to carry out AWS standards,adhere to both process evaluation and outcome evaluation,water management organizations to improve the park system,and strengthen supervision assessment,public participation,building the basin water management consultation platform.

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    作者简介
    刘召峰:刘召峰,上海社会科学院生态与可持续发展研究所,博士。
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