美国的公共文化是“为公众而艺术”的文化,实行“民间主导”型公共文化服务模式,强调公共文化服务多元化、市场化和社会化的发展。美国在行政体制上没有设立统管全国文化事业的行政部门,政府不以明确施政目标推动文化艺术,而是设立多层次的中介机构支持文艺团体和艺术家等开展各种研究、教育和社会活动,努力营造平等有序的文化发展环境。在长期的文化实践中,形成了各级政府的直接资金支持、联邦政府机构的其他支持、私人捐赠和税收优惠三个层次的公共文化艺术资助体系。
<<Public culture and arts in U.S. are truly for the public. The folk and public dominant management mode emphasizes the diversification,marketization and socialization of public cultural services. The U.S. arts system has no single benefactor,no overarching arbiter or agency,no Ministry of Culture. Direct public support from government is not used to impose arts policy. Many multi-level intermediaries are established to support artists and art institutions to advance art research,education and other social activities and to create an equal and orderly cultural development environment. In the long cultural practice,three types of financial support for the arts have developed,including direct public funds awarded by state,regional,and local governments,funding from federal departments and agencies other than the NEA,private sector contributions and tax incentives.
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