Rural population to concentrate in town and the town is the experience of the contemporary Chinese rural social reality，the natural unit of villages in rural grassroots community function decline，in some areas the village atrophy，rural society into social transition after the “rural China” form. This paper，taking the agricultural population big province of anhui areas of central China as an example，analyzes the present situation of the villages and towns research，investigation of the development of the rural grassroots community，combining with the state’s new urbanization development plan，put forward to research the necessity and importance of strengthening the villages and towns，and that research on the positive function of villages and towns is an important field of rural sociology research for development，is also a deep understanding of the transformation of the rural society，and promote the benign development of the new field of vision.