This chapter firstly introduces the new requirements of a notice entitled On the In-depth Implementation of the “Opinions on Strengthening the Implementation of the Cultural Education and Retirement Security of Athletes” which was released by General Administration of Sport，Ministry of Education，Ministry of Finance，Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security，and the State Commission Office for Public Sector Reform on July 7th，2012，and interprets new breakthroughs of this notice in aspects of combining training and cultural education of the athletes，retirement security，and other aspects. Followed by the introduction，this chapter introduces some explorations and attempts in China to reform cultivation of reserve forces in athletic sports，and lists the professional training system，the practice of combining teaching，studying and training，and some cases of diversified training modes.