The Xinjiang production and Construction Corps is a special organization，as the only “party and government and military and corporation” into one together. abide by the settlement and stability-function，plays the role of stabilizer，melting pot，demonstration zone in Xinjiang，plays an important role of economic development and prosperity and social stability along the border in Northwest of China. At present，the Corps has entered in a period of opportunity of economic development，which is medium income across to high income；and crucial stage of reform on the system. but still faces the problem of extensive economic development mode，the market system is not perfect，the industrial structure is unreasonable，the quality of urbanization is not high，and so on. Urgent needed the transformation and upgrading of the economic structure and economic form，finally，ultimately achieve this goal that realize from the original investment in labor-intensive，drive type，quantity，expansionary economic development way，gradually turning to consumer demand for the lead，manufacturing industry upgrading，service industry development path. To promote the economic development and push forward the reform，must based on the actual situation of the Corps，put focus on steady growth，structure adjustment，turned the way up，focus on combining transformation and upgrading，accelerate the transformation of administrative functions，play a decisive role in the market allocation of resources，continue to dig the release of reform，and unswervingly promote economic development mode，improve the level of open economy. This chapter aims to describe the current situation of economic development and system reform，and focus on the existing problems in the economic development and deepening reform，and put forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the economic development and reform of the Corps. <<